Reports – Page 2 – Edmonds Environmental Council

How PFAS impact stormwater

Stormwater Solutions
David C. Richardson
April 14, 2023

A new substance found in residue from an experiment on refrigerants caught the attention of Dupont chemists nearly 100 years ago. They thought it had some interesting properties. It was resistant to water, grease, heat and decay. Soon it would be used to keep pots clean, to waterproof convertible car tops and to put out fires.

Taking on such household names as Teflon and Scotchgard, and deployed for varied uses as firefighting, and the manufacture of extruded plastics, it would eventually be applied to the glamorous world of cosmetics, and, in such workaday products as grease resistant fast-food wrappers and microwave popcorn bags.

Watershed Protection Plan – Olympic View Water & Sewer District

PACE Engineers, Inc.
Original 2018
Revised April 2023

Executive Summary

The Olympic View Water & Sewer District (District) is located in southwestern Snohomish County in the State of Washington and encompasses portions of the City of Edmonds, the Town of Woodway and unincorporated Snohomish County, including the communities of Esperance, Westgate, and Firdale Village.

Deer Creek, Willow Creek, Chase Lake and Chase Lake Pond, located within the District, are considered critical habitat for aquatic life and recreational use. Currently, Deer Creek is the District’s surface water source. The 228th Street SW Well Field is the District’s new aquifer water source and consists of two wells; one well was dug in 2014, and a second well was dug in 2016. Both wells are scheduled to begin treatment and use in 2019.

Saving Washington’s salmon from toxic tire dust

Department of Ecology
January 25, 2023

We are taking action to reduce 6PPD-quinone, a chemical that is deadly to coho salmon

Coho salmon returning to rivers and streams often die before they can spawn. Photo by Roger Tabor, US Fish and Wildlife

For over 20 years, scientists faced a toxic mystery: coho salmon returning to urban streams and rivers in the Puget Sound region were dying before they could lay their eggs. The culprit was unknown, but it seemed linked to toxic chemicals running off our roads and highways.

Data Gaps Investigation Workplan Addendum 1 – Hydrogeological Characterization Well Installation

Lower Issaquah Valley
Issaquah, Washington

Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.
November, 2022

2022 Issaquah PFAS Hydrogeologic Investigations Download

Survey of PFAS in the Greater Lake Washington Watershed

Department of Ecology
October 2022

Introduction and problem statement

During summer 2020, the Washington State Department of Ecology’s (Ecology’s) Environmental Assessment Program initiated Phase 1 of a field study to address potential sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in resident fish from Lake Washington, King County (Furl and Meredith 2010, Mathieu and McCall 2017, Mathieu 2022).

During Phase 1, we assessed concentrations of PFAS in Lake Washington and in potential contaminant pathways to the lake. The Phase 1 study design included characterization of PFAS concentrations in the lake and its direct tributaries, groundwater discharges, stormwater discharges, bridge runoff, and bulk atmospheric deposition (Wong and Mathieu 2021, Escobedo 2021).

Understanding blue carbon

By Michon Scott AND Rebecca Lindsey Reviewed By Zac Cannizzo, Janine Harris, Veronica Lance, AND Alec Shub

NOAA
Published September 29, 2022

Blue carbon refers to carbon dioxide that is absorbed from the atmosphere and stored in the ocean. “Blue” refers to the watery nature of this storage.

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Data Gap Investigation Work Plan Lower Issaquah Valley

Farallon Consulting
July 15, 2022

2022 Issaquah PFAS Investigations Download

Focus on: PFAS Cleanup Levels

Department of Ecology
July 2022

2022 PFAS Cleanup Levels Download

A review on emerging water contaminants and the application of sustainable removal technologies

Chemical and Environmental Engineering Journal
May 27, 2022

Abstract

Emerging contaminants (ECs) are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals or any microorganisms that are not commonly monitored in the environment but have the potential to enter the environment and cause known or suspected adverse ecological or human health effects. The issue of ECs persistent in the environment and can disrupt the physiology of target receptors, they are recognized as Contaminants of emerging environmental concerns.

Pharmaceutical wastewater as Emerging Contaminants (EC): Treatment technologies, impact on environment and human health

Kundan Samal, Saswat Mahapatra, Md Hibzur Ali
Energy Nexus Journal
April 25, 2022

Abstract

A wide range of unregulated chemicals of synthetic origin or derived from natural sources, which may be a contender for future regulations are called Emerging Contaminants(ECs).

Recommended State Action Levels for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Drinking Water: Approach, Methods, and Supporting Information

Department of Health
331-673 • Revised November 1, 2021

Summary

In October 2017, the State Board of Health (board) accepted a petition from ten organizations to establish drinking water standards for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Board authority to adopt such standards comes under RCW 43.20.050(2), RCW 70.119.080(1), and RCW 70.142.010.

To support the board, the Washington Department of Health (department) released draft state action levels (SALs) for five PFAS in November 2019. These PFAS occur in Washington drinking water and had sufficient scientific information to recommend a value. We presented the draft rule language at stakeholder workshops and at numerous meetings with stakeholders. After evaluating the feedback from these events and from two public comment periods, we updated our technical document and lowered our recommendation for the PFBS SAL from 1,300 to 345 ng/L to better protect infants. We also revised the PFNA SAL from 14 to 9 ng/L based on new evidence of serum half-life in humans. The PFHxS SAL was revised slightly to correct our calculation of average maternal body weight used in the infant exposure model. The revised SAL values are part of the proposed rule being considered for adoption by the State Board of Health in 2021.

Groundwater Flow and PFAS Transport Modeling Report Issaquah, Washington

Geosyntec Consultants
September 13, 2021

Introduction

Geosyntec Consultants (Geosyntec) has prepared this Groundwater Flow and Per- and Poly- Fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Transport Modeling Report (Report) on behalf of the City of Issaquah (City). Geosyntec performed this work on behalf of the City, Eastside Fire and Rescue (EFR), and the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology), collectively referred to as the Issaquah Valley PFAS Partnership (the Partnership). The Partnership is conducting additional investigation of PFAS contamination of the Issaquah Valley Aquifer, through legislative funding provided to Ecology. Farallon Consulting, LLC (Farallon), on behalf of EFR, is the leading consultant for the field investigations that support the model development.

2021 Issaquah PFAS transport Download

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Additional Characterization Study Summary Report

Lower Issaquah Valley
Issaquah, Washington

Farallon Consulting, L.L.C.
April 14, 2021

Executive Summary

Farallon has prepared this Summary Report on behalf of Eastside Fire and Rescue to summarize the work performed and analytical results for the Lower Issaquah Valley Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Additional Characterization Study performed from March through October 2020 (Study).

Loading, transport, and treatment of emerging chemical and biological contaminants of concern in stormwater

Sumaiya Saifur and Courtney M. Gardner
March 2, 2021

Abstract

Stormwater is a largely uncontrolled source of pollution in rural and urban environments across the United States. Concern regarding the growing diversity and abundance of pollutants in stormwater, as well as their impacts on water quality, has grown signicantly over the past several decades.

Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas Guidance

Department of Ecology
March, 2021

Abstract

The Growth Management Act (GMA) requires all cities and counties in Washington State to protect public groundwater drinking supplies so that tragic contamination events and their associated costs can be prevented. Public drinking water supply also depends on groundwater availability. Without replenishment, the amount of water in aquifers can be diminished or even depleted.